The economy of Na h-Eileanan Siar, also known as the Western Isles, is largely based on agriculture, fishing, and tourism. The province is home to a significant number of crofters who practice traditional small-scale agriculture, raising sheep, cattle, and other livestock. Fishing is also an important industry, with many communities relying on fishing for their livelihoods. The province's coastal waters are home to a variety of fish and shellfish, including lobster, crab, and scallops, which are harvested by local fishermen.

Tourism is another important contributor to the economy of the Western Isles, with visitors drawn to the province's stunning landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and unique wildlife. The province is home to a number of historic sites and attractions, including the Callanish Standing Stones and the Gearrannan Blackhouse Village, which offer visitors a glimpse into traditional island life.

The province of Na h-Eileanan Siar is governed by Comhairle nan Eilean Siar, which is responsible for providing a range of public services, including education, social services, and housing. The council is made up of 31 elected members and is led by a convener. The council works closely with other organizations and agencies to promote economic development and improve the quality of life for residents of the province. The Western Isles also has a Member of the Scottish Parliament who represents the province's interests at the national level.